#italian

springtulip:

Pronoun- a word that takes the place of, or fulfills the function of a noun in certain specific circumstances. 

The types of pronouns in Italian are: personal, relative, interrogative, possessive, demonstrative, and indefinite.

Personal Pronouns 

Their function is to refer to somebody or something known to both listener and speaker, either because they are actually present or because they have already been mentioned in the conversation or in the text. The pronouns have the same gender and number as the noun to which they refer.

(I) STRESSED Personal Pronouns

Stressed personal pronouns are used to identify clearly the person to whom we refer, usually to distinguish them from somebody else. They almost always refer to people, rather than to things or animals. 

1. Subject Pronouns

• io - I
• tu - you
• lui / lei - he / she
• Lei - you (formal)
• noi - we
• voi - you
• loro - they
• Loro - you (pl., formal)

Othermuch less usedsubject pronouns (limited to formal written and spoken language) are:

• egli, esso - he
• ella, essa - she
• essi- they (m)
• esse- they (f)

!!!In Italian, use of subject pronouns with verbs is not essential, since the endings of Italian verbs always show who the subject is. The use of pronouns is limited to situations where special emphasis on the subject is needed.

2. Object Pronouns

Object pronouns are used to refer to the person or thing that is the target of an action, and stressedobject pronouns place particular emphasis on it.

• me- me
• te- you
• lui / lei - him / her
• Lei- you (formal)
• noi- us
• voi- you (pl.)
• loro- them
• Loro - you (formal, pl.)

These pronouns can be used as the direct object of a verb:

- Vorrei vedere teal post mio!

or, preceded by a preposition, as theindirect object or other complement of a verb: 

- Dai amequei soldi! 

!!! When a preposition is present, only stressed pronouns can be used. 

3. Reflexive Pronouns (stressed)

Reflexive pronouns refer to the object or other complement of a verb, when it is the same person as the subject. 

• me (stesso/a) - myself
• te (stesso/a) - yourself 
• sé (stesso/a) - him/herself
• noi (stessi/e) - ourselves
• voi (stessi/e) - yourselves
• sé (stessi/e) - themselves 

The use of stessoto increase the emphasis given to the pronoun, is optional.

EX:Ama il prossimo tuo come te stesso.

electricalice:

mrsbeefheart:

I fukin love 14th century art art because everyone looks so shady and suspicious of ppl around them its AMAZING

or just like they know something u dont and oh my gdfuck i cant

I believe the highest point is reached in Simone Martini’s Annunciation

and the look of absolute hatred Mary and Gabriel exchange.